ways to overcome air pollution

We have the effects of air pollution and so on. Know here we will talk about way to overcome air pollution. Everyone can play a part to reduce air pollution. There are many ways to overcome the air pollution such as reduce vehicle emissions, reduce industrial emissions, reduce emissions from power stations, use renewable energy, and reduce the use of chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs). (http://library.thinkquest.org/C0111401/dealing_air_pollution.htm).

First way to overcome air pollution is reduce vehicle emissions. This can be done by installing catalytic converters in every car so that the amount of toxic gases released is reduced. A more effective way is to reduce the number of vehicles on the road. For example, in Manila, the government has introduced regulations such that on different days, only cars with certain number plates can be driven. Another way is to encourage the public to take public transport. We can choose to take public transport to reduce air pollution. (http://library.thinkquest.org/C0111401/dealing_air_pollution.htm).

The second way is more to industrial and the governments responsible. They must reduce industrial emission to overcome air pollution. Industries can reduce the amount of air pollutants they release by installing scrubbers, which are capable of removing up to 90 % of sulphur dioxide from waste gases. (http://library.thinkquest.org/C0111401/dealing_air_pollution.htm).

Other than that, we also need to reduce emissions from power stations. This method concerns us, consumers of electricity, greatly. If electricity is used, less fossil fuels have to be burnt, and less air pollution would be emitted. We can do our part to reduce air pollution by conserving electricity at home, at school and at work. (http://library.thinkquest.org/C0111401/dealing_air_pollution.htm).

We also can use the renewable energy to overcome the air pollution in our country or world. Renewable energy such as wind and hydroelectric, does not pollute, unlike traditional sources of energy that depends on the combustion of fossil fuels. (http://library.thinkquest.org/C0111401/dealing_air_pollution.htm).

Last but not list to overcome air pollution is by reducing the use of chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs). The effects of ozone depletion are disastrous. Chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs is the gas that is responsible for ozone depletion. By reducing the emission of CFCs, we can significantly slow down the rate of ozone depletion. Use 'green' products which utilizes ozone-friendly in places of CFCs. (http://library.thinkquest.org/C0111401/dealing_air_pollution.htm). Beside that, we can place the CFCs to Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) to overcome the air pollution.

Definition of air pollution from a few book.....

Hai my friend.

now i can give you all a few definition of air pollution which i get from reference book for our project...if you all have any idea about the definition of air pollution please post in our blog....

DEFINITION OF AIR POLLUTION

Air pollution is defined as the presence in the outdoor atmosphere of one or more contaminants ( pollutants ) in quantities and duration that can injure human, plants or animal life or property ( materials ) or which unreasonably interfere with the enjoyment of life or the conduct of business.

( David H.F. Liu, Bela G. Liptak : 2000)

In other meaning, air pollution is defined the presence in the air of any abnormal material or property that reduces the usefulness of the air resources.

( Joe O. Ledbetter )

On the other hand, air pollution also as defined as the presence in the outdoor atmosphere of one or more contaminants such as dust, fumes, gaseous, mist, odor, smoke or vapor in quantities of characteristic and of duration such as to be injurious to human, plants or animal life or to property or which unreasonably interfere with the comfortable enjoyment of life and property.

( Henry C. Perkins : 1974 )

Beside that, air pollution also mean the presence in the atmosphere of solid particles, liquid droplets or gaseous compounds which are not normally present or which are present in a concentration substantially greater than normal.

( Martin Crawford )

ikin....

hye...hello to all my friend...this is new about effects of air pollution..before this i give you all three effects. so now i can give you eingh effects. Firstly, air pollution can effect to people. It is because air pollution can cause short-term effects such as for eye and throat irritation. Beside that, air pollution also cancer and damage to the body’s immune, neurological, reproductive and respiratory systems. Next, it also for children. For examples due their size and the fact that they are in the process of developing are at greater health related risk. (source: http://answer.yahoo.com/question/index?qid. Secondly air pollution can effect to animals, and plant-life. Pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ozone and peroxyacl nitrate (PANs), because direct damage to leaves of crop plants and trees when they enter leaf pores (stomachs). Chronic exposure of leaves and needles to air pollutants can also break down the waxy coating that helps prevent excessive water loss and damage from disease, pests, drought and frost. (soure:http://answer.yahoo.com/guestion/index?qid). Air pollution causes atmospheric effects including reductions in visibility, changes in urban climatologically characteristics, increased frequency of rainfall and attendant meteorological phenomena, changes in the chemical characteristics of precipitation, reduction in stratospheric ozone levels, and global warming. (source: edited by David H. F. liu, Bela G. Liptak, Lewis Publisher,2000). Next, health can effects of air pollution, because the people will difficulty in breathing, wheezing, coughing and aggravations of existing respiratory and cardiac condition. Individuals with respiratory difficulties associated with asthma, bronchitis, and sinusitis experience increased discomfort as a result of oxidants, nitrogen oxides, and particulates. (soure:http://answer.yahoo. com/guestion/index?qid). Beside that, health affects results from either acute or chronic exposures. Acute exposures result from accidental releases of pollutants or air pollution episodes. (source: edited by David H. F. liu, Bela G. Liptak, Lewis Publisher,2000). Air pollution can effects biodiversity. For example, a prolonged exposure of the vegetation in the San Bernardino Mountains in Southern California to photochemical oxidants has shifted the vegetation dominance from ozone sensitive pines to ozone-tolerant oaks and deciduous shrubs. Air pollution can effects on biodiversity are difficult to the document. Unlike habitat destruction, which results in pronounced and rapid environmental changes, the effects of air pollution on biota are usually subtle and elusive because of their interactions with natural stressors. (source: edited by David H. F. liu, Bela G. Liptak, Lewis Publisher,2000). Air pollution can effects of wind speed and direction. Horizontal winds play a significant role in the transport and dilution of pollutants. As wind speed increased, the volume of air moving by source in a period of time also increased. If the emission rate is relatively constant, a doubling of the wind speed halves the pollutant concentrations, as the concentration is an inverse function of the wind speed. Pollutant dispersion is also affected by the variability in wind direction. If the wind direction is relatively constant, the same area is continuously exposed to high pollutant levels. If the wind direction is constantly shifting, pollutants are dispersed over are lower. Large changes in wind direction can occur over short periods of time. (source: edited by David H. F. liu, Bela G. Liptak, Lewis Publisher,2000). After that, air pollution can effects to acid rain. Acid rain the phenomenon occurs when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from the burning of fossil fuels such as petrol, diesel, and coal combine with water vapor in the atmosphere and fall as rain, snow or fog. These gas can also be emitted from natural sources like volcanoes. Acid rain causes extensive damage to water, forest, soil resources and area human health. (source: http://answer.yahoo. com/guestion/index?qid= . Global warming is happening now and effects everyone. Air pollution gathers in the Earth’s atmosphere, it traps heat and causes average temperatures to rise. It is hard to predict exactly how climate change will affect a particular area. Here are few likely results (according to the anion of Concerned Scientists. (source: http://answer.yahoo. com/guestion/index?qid=

picture

volcanic eruptions

causes of air pollution

3.0 AIR POLLUTION CAUSES

Air pollution is not just a “city problem”. Many air pollutants are dispersed over areas hundred of miles from their source where they affect many different ecosystems. These pollutants often remain toxic in the environment for a very long time where they continue to affect ponds, streams, fields, and forests. So, many causes of air pollution and that’s causes can separate to two parts are natural pollution and human activities. Forest fires, volcanic eruptions, wind erosion, pollen dispersal, evaporation of organic compounds, and natural radioactivity are all among the natural causes of air pollution.

3.1 Natural Pollution

Most air pollution is the result of energy consumption. Specifically, the burning of fossil fuels to produce electricity or to power transportation vehicles is the main cause this serious, but preventable, environmental hazard. Example for burning of fossil fuels is forest fires. Well, as you are probably aware, air pollution takes many different forms and arises from a variety of sources. In terms of overall range and extents of impacts. However, burning of fossil fuels is the largest source of air pollutants. These fuels cause smog, acid rain, soot and particulates increases, greenhouse gas emissions, and dispersal of some heavy metal contaminants. Burning of fossil fuels cause acid rain.

Volcanoes commonly displays a distinctive pattern of behavior. Some mild eruptions merely discharge steam and other gases, whereas other eruptions quietly extrude quantities of lava. Other than free oxygen, generated by photosynthesis, all atmospheric gases were derived from inside the earth and released by volcanic eruptions. The gaseous portion of magma varies from ~1 to 5% of the total weight. Water vapor constitutes 70-90%. The remaining gases include CO2, SO2, and trace amounts of of N, H, CO, S, Ar, Cl, and F. These subordinate gases can combine with hydrogen and water to produce numerous toxic compounds.

Wind erosion is a serious environmental problem attracting the attention of many across the globe. It is a common phenomenon occurring mostly in flat, bare areas; dry, sandy soils; or anywhere the soil is loose, dry, and finely granulated. Wind erosion damages land and natural vegetation by removing soil from one place and depositing it in another. It causes soil loss, dryness and deterioration of soil structure, nutrient and productivity losses, air pollution, and sediment transport and deposition.

Radiation is natural. It's in our food, in the air, water, and soil. It's even in our bodies. It comes from unstable atoms-tiny particles of matter. As these atoms break up, they produce invisible energy waves or particles. Our bodies absorb a small amount of this radiation every hour, every day, every week. A person living directly outside a nuclear power facility would receive approximately one additional milligram per year.

3.2 Human Activity

Burning of petroleum in car engines and other petrol runned vehicles releases Carbon monoxide and Carbon dioxide gasses. Carbon Monoxide causes health problems and prolonged exposure to it may result to death. This is so because it inhibits haemoglobin in red blood cells making it incapable of carrying oxygen. Carbon dioxide gas along with other green house gasses such as methane is responsible for greenhouse effect, a process which warms the earth making its climate bearable and capable of sustaining life. But increasing levels of carbon dioxide is believed to result into Global warming.

Photochemical smog is also appearing in regions of the tropics and subtropics where savanna grasses are periodically burned. Smog's unpleasant properties result from the irradiation by sunlight of hydrocarbons caused primarily by unburned gasoline emitted by automobiles and other combustion sources. The products of photochemical reactions includes organic particles, ozone, aldehydes, ketones, peroxyacetyl nitrate, organic acids, and other oxidants. Ozone is a gas created by nitrogen dioxide or nitric oxide when exposed to sunlight.

CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) have no natural source, but were entirely synthesized for such diverse uses as refrigerants, aerosol propellants and cleaning solvents. Their creation was in 1928 and since then concentrations of CFCs in the atmosphere have been rising. Due to the discovery that they are able to destroy stratospheric ozone, a global effort to halt their production was undertaken and was extremely successful. So much so that levels of the major CFCs are now remaining level or declining.

Electric power plants are the single largest industrial source of some of the worst air pollutants. The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that more than 120 million Americans live in areas where the air is unhealthy. Yet the Bush administration's air pollution plan would gut existing health protections and do nothing to curb global warming.

first draft outline.

1.0 Introduction

The title of this paper is air pollution. In this paper, we will discuss the definition, causes, effects and ways to overcome air pollution.

1.1 Definition

. Human introduction into the atmosphere of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to human or other living organism, or damage the environment.

2.0 Sources of air pollution.

2.1 Carbon dioxide

2.2 Sulfur and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

2.3 Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

2.4 Smog

3.0 Causes/contributing factors

3.1 Natural phenomena

· Volcanoes, forest fires, dust storms.

3.2 Human activities

· Using aerosol cans, personal vehicle and commercial vehicles, factories activities (radioactive)

4.0 Effects

4.1 People

· Cause short-term such as eye and throat irritation.

4.2 Animals and plant-life

· Such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ozone

· Cause direct damage to leaves of crup plants.

4.3 Health

· Difficulty in breathing, wheezing, caughing and aggravation of existing respiratory.

4.4 Biodiversity

· Example, prolonged exposure of the vegetation.

4.5 Acid Rain

· The phenomena accurs when sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from the burning of fossil fuels.

5.0 Ways to overcome

5.1 Use energy efficiently and switching to alternative energy sources.

5.2 Decrease using vehicle on the road.

5.3 Avoid open burning.

5.4 Replant trees and avoid purchasing products.

6.0 Conclusion

The aspects that were discussed in this paper are definition, sources, causes, effects and ways to overcome air pollution.

We must avoid or decrease the air pollution and the other pollutions to make our life better. We should do cooperate to solve this problem because we need to breathing in the fresh air.